दो या दो से अधिक Simple Sentences को मिलाकर एक Compound Sentence बनाना। (Forming a Compound Sentence by combining two or more Simple Sentences.)

Compound Sentence बनाने के नियम जानने से पहले आपको पता होना चाहिए कि Compound Sentences होते क्या हैं। जिस वाक्य में दो या दो से अधिक Independent Clauses हों वो Compound Sentence कहलाता है। मतलब कम से कम दो subjects और दो predicates होंगे।

For example:

Rohan takes tea, and Meera takes coffee.

Rohan takes tea; Meera takes coffee.

More Examples:

Separate: I ate dinner. I went to the washroom.

Combined: I ate dinner and went to the washroom. (Incorrect)

Combined: I ate dinner and I went to the washroom. (Incorrect)

Combined: I ate dinner, and I went to the washroom.

Combined: I ate dinner; I went to the washroom.

Separate: He took my notebook yesterday. He returned it today.

Combined: ……………………………………………….

Combined: He took my notebook yesterday, and he returned it today.

ये चार तरीके से बनाये जा सकते हैं:

1. Coordinating conjunction [FANBOYS] का प्रयोग करके (लेकिन इसमें conjunction से पहले comma ज़रूर आएगा)।

comma + coordinating conjunction (…, and…)

For example:

Separate - Delhi is in India. London is in England.

Combined - Delhi is in India, and London is in England.

2. सिर्फ एक semicolon का प्रयोग करके (अगर ideas बहुत ज्यादा related हैं तो)। semicolon (…; …)

For example:

Separate - I made the cake. My sister decorated it.

Combined - I made the cake; my sister decorated it.

Combined - I made the cake, and my sister decorated it.

Separate: There was a short circuit. The light went out.

Combined: There was a short circuit, and the light went out.

Combined: ………………………………………

Combined: There was a short circuit; the light went out.

Separate: Meera went to work. Rohan went to the party. I went home.

Combined: Meera went to work, but Rohan went to the party, and I went home.

3. Correlative conjunction (Paired conjunction) का प्रयोग करके (इसमें दूसरे वाले conjunction से पहले comma लगाते हैं)। (not only …, but also)

For example:

Separate - Come in time. Do not come at all.

Combined - Either come in time, or do not come at all.

Separate – Come with me. Stay at home.

Compound – ………………………………………

Compound – Either come with me, or stay at home.

4. Conjunctive adverb का प्रयोग करके (इसमें Conjunctive adverb से पहले semicolon और बाद में comma लगाते हैं)। (…; however, …)

For example:

Separate - I made the cake. My sister decorated it.

Combined - I made the cake however my sister decorated it. (incorrect—missing the proper punctuation)

Combined - I made the cake; however, my sister decorated it.

Separate – He is the son of a mathematician. He is a very sharp-minded boy.

Compound – ………………………………………

Compound – He is the son of a mathematician; therefore, he is very sharp-minded boy.

coordinating conjunctions:

FANBOYS:

For

And

Nor

But

Or

Yet

So

Correlative Conjunctions (paired conjunctions):

either … or

just as … so

neither … nor

not … but

not only … but also

whether … or

conjunctive adverbs:

as a result

however

hence

in fact

moreover

nevertheless

on the other hand

otherwise

also

furthermore

similarly

still

therefore

thus

rather

Examples:

Separate - I am going to Delhi. I will stay there for a week.

Compound – I am going to Delhi and I will stay there for a week. (incorrect)

Compound – I am going to Delhi, and I will stay there for a week.

Separate – Make haste. You will be late.

Compound – Make haste, or you will be late.

Separate - Rohan wanted to play tennis. Meera wanted to play basketball.

Combined - Rohan wanted to play tennis, Meera wanted to play basketball. (incorrect) [Comma splice]

Combined - Rohan wanted to play tennis, but Meera wanted to play basketball.

Combined - Rohan wanted to play tennis; Meera wanted to play basketball.

Combined - Rohan wanted to play tennis; however, Meera wanted to play basketball.

अब हम पहले हिंदी में मतलब निकालेंगे फिर जोड़ेंगे।

Separate: We got there early. We got really good seats.

Combined: We got there early, and we got really good seats.

Separate - I ate dinner. I went to the washroom.

Combined - I ate dinner, and I went to the washroom.

Separate - She is rich. She is miser.

Combined - She is rich, but she is miser.

Separate – You must start now. You will be late.

Combined – You must start now, or you will be late.

Separate – He grew very weak. He did not break the fast.

Compound – He grew very weak, yet he did not break the fast.

Separate – Everything decays. Books survive.

Compound – Everything decays, but books survive.

Separate – That creature may be a fish. It may be a serpent. It must be one of them.

Compound – That creature may be a fish or a serpent, but it must be one of them.

Separate - Meera ran fast. Meera couldn't catch Rohan.

Combined - Meera ran fast, but she couldn't catch Rohan.

Separate: Everyone was busy. She went to the movie alone.

Combined: Everyone was busy, so she went to the movie alone.

Separate - They have to catch the train. They must make haste.

Combined - They have to catch the train, so they must make haste.

Combined - They must make haste, for they have to catch the train.

Separate – I did not go to Delhi. My brother did not go.

Compound – Neither I nor my brother went to Delhi. (incorrect)

Compound – Neither did I go to Delhi, nor did my brother go there.

Compound – I did not go to Delhi, nor did my brother go.

Separate – We have never been to America. We have never visited England.

Combined – We have never been to America, nor have we visited England. (negative inversion [the reversal of the subject and auxiliary verb] must be used in the second clause)

Separate – Hate begets hate. Love begets love.

Compound – Hate begets hate, and love begets love.

Separate – Professor Gupta was late. He missed the train.

Compound – Professor Gupta was late, so he missed the train.

Separate – The speaker was very nervous. He, therefore, could not speak.

Compound – The speaker was very nervous; therefore, he could not speak.

Separate – He is lazy. He scored good marks.

Compound – He is lazy, yet he scored good marks.

Separate – The girl played volleyball. The boys did not play.

Compound – The girl played volleyball, but the boys did not play.

Compound – The girl played volleyball; however, the boys did not play.

Separate – He doesn’t understand. He doesn’t care.

Compound – He doesn’t understand, and he doesn’t care.

Compound – Neither does he understand, nor does he care. (must use negative inversion for each)

Separate – Ram is wise. Ram is gentle.

Compound – Not only is Ram wise, but he also is gentle. (must use negative inversion (like with neither … nor). (when but begins the second independent clause, the subject comes between “but” and “also”)

Separate – He is intelligent. He is not proud.

Compound – He is intelligent, yet he is not proud.

Separate – The boy was punished. The boy was fined.

Compound – Not only was the boy punished, but he also was fined.

Exercise:

1. Separate: The boy failed many times. He gave up his studies.

Compound: The boy failed many times, so he gave up his studies.

Compound: The boy failed many times; as a result, he gave up his studies.

Compound: The boy failed many times; therefore, he gave up his studies.

2. Separate: Wise men love truth. Fools shun it.

Compound: Wise men love truth, but fools shun it.

Compound: Wise men love truth, and fools shun it.

Compound: Wise men love truth; however, fools shun it.

3. Separate: He was not a policeman. He was not a thief.

Compound: He was not a policeman, nor was he a thief.

Compound: Neither was he a policeman, nor was he a thief.

4. Separate: He is rich. He leads a simple life.

Compound: He is rich, yet he leads a simple life.

Compound: He is rich; still, he leads a simple life.

5. Separate: The baby was crying. The baby wanted food.

Compound: The baby was crying, for he/she wanted food.

6. Separate: We cannot help you. We have no money at present.

Compound: We cannot help you, for we have no money at present.

Compound: We have no money at present, so we cannot help you.

Compound: We have no money at present; therefore, we cannot help you.

7. Separate: Do it. You will be punished.

Compound: Do it, or you will be punished.

Points to remember:

1. Do not join independent clauses with a comma alone—that's impossible!